Question:
can u list the names of noble prize winners till today and their department?
nandhu
2006-10-30 01:06:25 UTC
can u list the names of noble prize winners till today and their department?
Five answers:
ri_ma_bo
2006-10-30 02:30:06 UTC
the best place:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_prize_winners
Masud R. Khan
2006-10-30 09:09:26 UTC
Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ig_Nobel_Prize_winners
2006-10-30 09:21:16 UTC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates

(Its a long long list so I can't send u the names)
Tranquillizer
2006-10-30 09:14:53 UTC
Algeria

Albert Camus*, (then French Algeria), Literature, 1957

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji*, (then French Algeria), Physics, 1997



Argentina

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Peace, 1980

Bernardo Houssay, Physiology or Medicine, 1947

Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Peace, 1936

Luis Federico Leloir, Chemistry, 1970

César Milstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1984



Australia

William Lawrence Bragg*, Physics, 1915 (youngest recipient of a prize)

Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Physiology or Medicine, 1960

John Warcup Cornforth, Chemistry, 1975

Peter Doherty, Physiology or Medicine, 1996

John Carew Eccles, Physiology or Medicine, 1963

Sir Howard Florey, Physiology or Medicine, 1945

Barry Marshall, Physiology or Medicine, 2005

J. Robin Warren, Physiology or Medicine, 2005

Patrick White, United Kingdom, Literature, 1973



Austria

Bertha von Suttner, (then Austrian Empire, now Czech Republic), Peace, 1905

Alfred Hermann Fried, (then Austria-Hungary), Peace, 1911

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy*, Chemistry, 1925

Erwin Schrödinger, Physics, 1933

Wolfgang Pauli, Physics, 1945

Konrad Lorenz, Physiology or Medicine, 1973

Karl von Frisch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973

Walter Kohn*, Chemistry, 1998

Eric R. Kandel*, Physiology or Medicine, 2000

Elfriede Jelinek, Literature, 2004



Bangladesh

Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen Bank, Peace, 2006

Rabindranath Tagore, Bangladesh (then British India (Bengal), in present day West Bengal, India, with many of his works being written in what is modern Bangladesh), Literature, 1913

Amartya Sen, Economics, 1998, His ancestral home was in Wari, Dhaka in modern-day Bangladesh



Belarus

Zhores I. Alferov*, Physics, 2000

Menachem Begin*, Peace, 1978

Shimon Peres*, (then Poland), Peace, 1994



Belgium

Institute of International Law**, Peace, 1904

Auguste Beernaert, Peace, 1909

Albert Claude, Physiology and Medicine, 1974

Christian de Duve, United Kingdom, Physiology and Medicine, 1974

Corneille Heymans, Physiology and Medicine, 1938

Henri La Fontaine, Peace, 1913

Maurice Maeterlinck, Literature, 1911

Georges Pire, Peace, 1958

Ilya Prigogine, Russia, Chemistry, 1977

Médecins Sans Frontières**, Peace, 1999



Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961

Vladimir Prelog*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Chemistry, 1975



Bulgaria

Elias Canetti*, Literature, 1981



Canada

Sidney Altman, Chemistry, 1989

Frederick G. Banting, Physiology or Medicine, 1923

Saul Bellow*, Literature, 1976

Bertram N. Brockhouse, Physics, 1994

William Giauque*, Chemistry, 1949

Gerhard Herzberg, Germany, Chemistry, 1971

David H. Hubel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981

Charles B. Huggins*, Physiology or Medicine, 1966

John James Richard Macleod, Scotland, Physiology or Medicine, 1923

Rudolph Marcus*, Chemistry, 1992

Robert Mundell, Economics, 1999

Lester B. Pearson, Peace, 1957

John C. Polanyi, Germany, Chemistry, 1986

Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, Peace, 1995

Myron Scholes*, Economics, 1997

Michael Smith, United Kingdom, Chemistry, 1993

Richard E. Taylor, Physics, 1990

William Vickrey*, Economic Sciences, 1996



China

Tsung-Dao Lee, Physics, 1957

Edmond H. Fischer*, Physiology or Medicine, 1992

Daniel C. Tsui*, Physics, 1998

Gao Xingjian*, Literature, 2000

Chen Ning Yang, Physics, 1957

Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976



[Chile

Gabriela Mistral, Literature, 1945

Pablo Neruda, Literature, 1971



Colombia

Gabriel García Márquez, Literature, 1982



Costa Rica

Oscar Arias Sánchez, Peace, 1987



Croatia

Lavoslav Ruzicka*, (then part of Austria-Hungary), Chemistry, 1939

Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961

Vladimir Prelog*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Chemistry, 1975



Czech Republic

Carl Cori*, (then Austria-Hungary), Physiology or Medicine, 1947

Gerty Cori*, (then Austria-Hungary), Physiology or Medicine, 1947

Jaroslav Heyrovský, Chemistry, 1959

Jaroslav Seifert, Literature, 1984

Bertha von Suttner*, (then Austrian Empire), Peace, 1905



[Denmark

Fredrik Bajer, Peace, 1908

Aage Bohr, Physics, 1975

Niels Henrik David Bohr, Physics, 1922

Henrik Dam, Physiology or Medicine, 1943

Johannes Fibiger, Physiology or Medicine, 1926

Niels Finsen, Physiology or Medicine, 1903

Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Literature, 1917

Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Literature, 1944

Niels Kaj Jerne, United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine, 1984

August Krogh, Physiology or Medicine, 1920

Theodor Mommsen*, (then Denmark, now Germany), Literature, 1902

Ben Mottelson, Physics, 1975

Henrik Pontoppidan, Literature, 1917

Jens Christian Skou, Chemistry, 1997

East Timor

Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, (then Portuguese Timor), Peace, 1996

José Ramos Horta, (then Portuguese Timor), Peace, 1996



Egypt

Mohamed ElBaradei, Peace, 2005

Naguib Mahfouz, Literature, 1988

Anwar Sadat, Peace, 1978

Ahmed H. Zewail, Chemistry, 1999



Finland

Ragnar Granit*, Physiology or Medicine, 1967

Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Literature, 1939

Artturi Ilmari Virtanen, Chemistry, 1945



France

Maurice Allais, Economics, 1988

Henri Bergson, Literature, 1927

Antoine Henri Becquerel, Physics, 1903

Léon Bourgeois, Peace, 1920

Aristide Briand, Peace, 1926

Ferdinand Buisson, Peace, 1927

Ivan Bunin, Russia, Literature, 1933

Albert Camus, Algeria, Literature, 1957

Alexis Carrel, Medicine, 1912

René Cassin, Peace, 1968

Georges Charpak, Physics, 1992

Yves Chauvin, Chemistry, 2005

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, Algeria, Physics, 1997

Andre Frederic Cournand, Physiology or Medicine, 1956

Pierre Curie, Physics, 1903

Marie Curie, Poland, Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911

Jean Dausset, Physiology or Medicine, 1980

Gerard Debreu, Economics, 1983

Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant, Peace, 1909

Anatole France, Literature, 1921

Roger Martin du Gard, Literature, 1937

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Physics, 1991

André Gide, Literature, 1947

Victor Grignard, Chemistry, 1912

Roger Guillemin*, Physiology or Medicine, 1977

François Jacob, Physiology or Medicine, 1965

Frédéric Joliot, Chemistry, 1935

Irène Joliot-Curie, Chemistry, 1935

Léon Jouhaux, Peace, 1951

Alfred Kastler, Physics, 1966

Alphonse Laveran, Physiology or Medicine, 1907

Jean-Marie Lehn, Chemistry, 1987

Gabriel Lippmann*, Luxembourg, Physics, 1908

André Lwoff, Physiology or Medicine, 1965

Seán MacBride*, Peace, 1974

François Mauriac, Literature, 1952

Frédéric Mistral, Literature, 1904

Henri Moissan, Chemistry, 1906

Jacques Monod, Physiology or Medicine, 1965

Louis Néel, Physics, 1970

Charles Nicolle, Physiology or Medicine, 1928

Frédéric Passy, Peace, 1901

Jean-Baptiste Perrin, Physics, 1926

Saint-John Perse, Guadeloupe, Literature, 1960

Sully Prudhomme, Literature, 1901

Louis Renault, Peace, 1907

Charles Richet, Physiology or Medicine, 1913

Romain Rolland, Literature, 1915

Paul Sabatier, Chemistry, 1912

Jean-Paul Sartre, Literature, 1964 (declined the prize)

Albert Schweitzer, Germany, Peace, 1952

Claude Simon, Madagascar, Literature, 1985

Gao Xingjian, China, Literature, 2000



Germany

Kurt Alder, Chemistry, 1950

Robert Aumann*, Economics, 2005

Adolf von Baeyer, Chemistry, 1905

J. Georg Bednorz, Physics, 1987

Emil Adolf von Behring, Physiology or Medicine, 1901

Friedrich Bergius, Chemistry, 1931

Gerd Binnig, Physics, 1986

Günter Blobel*, (lives in US), Physiology or Medicine, 1999

Konrad Bloch*, Physiology or Medicine, 1964

Heinrich Böll, Literature, 1972

Max Born* (1933-1953 in exile in Britain - became a British subject), Physics 1954

Carl Bosch, Chemistry 1931

Walther Bothe, Physics, 1954

***** Brandt, Peace, 1971

Karl Ferdinand Braun, Physics, 1909

Eduard Buchner, Chemistry, 1907

Adolf Butenandt, Chemistry, 1939

Ernst Boris Chain*, Physiology or Medicine, 1945

Hans G. Dehmelt*, Physics, 1989

Johann Deisenhofer, Chemistry, 1988

Max Delbrück*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969

Otto Diels, Chemistry, 1950

Gerhard Domagk, Physiology or Medicine, 1939

Paul Ehrlich, Physiology or Medicine, 1908

Manfred Eigen, Chemistry, 1967

Albert Einstein*, Physics, 1921

Rudolf Christoph Eucken, (then Hanover), Literature, 1908

Ernst Otto Fischer, Chemistry, 1973

Hans Fischer, Chemistry, 1930

Hermann Emil Fischer, Chemistry, 1902

Werner Forssmann, Physiology or Medicine, 1956

James Franck, Physics, 1925

Karl von Frisch, (then Austria-Hungary, now Austria), Physiology or Medicine, 1973

Maria Goeppert-Mayer (*), Physics, 1963

Günter Grass, (then Free City of Danzig, now Poland), Literature, 1999

Fritz Haber, Chemistry 1918

Otto Hahn, Chemistry 1944

Theodor W. Hänsch, Physics, 2005

Gerhart Hauptmann, (then Prussia, now Poland), Literature, 1912

Werner Karl Heisenberg, Physics, 1932

Gustav Ludwig Hertz, Physics, 1925

Gerhard Herzberg*, Chemistry, 1971

Herman Hesse*, Literature, 1946

Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse, (then Prussia), Literature, 1910

Robert Huber, Chemistry, 1988

J. Hans D. Jensen, Physics, 1963

Bernard Katz*, Physiology or Medicine, 1970

Wolfgang Ketterle, Physics, 2001

Henry Kissinger*, Peace, 1973

Klaus von Klitzing, Physics, 1985

Robert Koch, Physiology or Medicine, 1905

Georges J.F. Kohler*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984

Albrecht Kossel, Physiology or Medicine, 1910

Hans Adolf Krebs*, Physiology or Medicine, 1953

Herbert Kroemer*, Physics, 2000

Richard Kuhn, born in Austria Chemistry 1938

Max von Laue, Physics, 1914

Philipp Lenard, (then Austrian Empire, now Slovakia), Physics, 1905

Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, Physiology or Medicine, 1964

Thomas Mann, Literature, 1929

Otto Fritz Meyerhof, Physiology or Medicine, 1922

Hartmut Michel, Chemistry, 1988

Theodor Mommsen, (then Denmark), Literature, 1902

Rudolf Mössbauer, Physics, 1961

Erwin Neher, Physiology or Medicine, 1991

Walther Nernst, Chemistry, 1920

Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Physiology or Medicine, 1995

Carl von Ossietzky, Peace, 1935

Wilhelm Ostwald, today Latvia, Chemistry, 1909

Wolfgang Paul, Physics, 1989

Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, (then Denmark), Physics, 1918

John Charles Polanyi*, Chemistry, 1986

Ludwig Quidde, (then Bremen), Peace, 1927

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, (then Prussia), Physics, 1903

Ernst Ruska, Physics, 1986

Nelly Sachs*, Literature, 1966

Bert Sakmann, Physiology or Medicine, 1991

Albert Schweitzer*, (now France), Peace, 1952

Reinhard Selten, Economics, 1994

Hans Spemann, Physiology or Medicine, 1935

Johannes Stark, Physics, 1919

Hermann Staudinger, Chemistry, 1953

Jack Steinberger*, Physics, 1988

Horst L. Störmer*, Physics, 1998

Gustav Stresemann, Peace, 1926

Otto Wallach, Chemistry, 1910

Otto Heinrich Warburg, Physiology or Medicine, 1931

Heinrich Otto Wieland, Chemistry, 1927

Wilhelm Wien, (then Prussia), Physics, 1911

Richard Willstätter, Chemistry, 1915

Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus, Chemistry, 1928

Georg Wittig, Chemistry, 1979

Karl Ziegler, Chemistry, 1963

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, (then Austrian Empire, now Austria), Chemistry, 1925



Ghana

Kofi Annan, Peace, 2001



Greece

Odysseas Elytis, Literature, 1979

Giorgos Seferis, (then Ottoman Asia Minor, now Turkey), Literature, 1963



Guatemala

Miguel Ángel Asturias, Literature, 1967

Rigoberta Menchú, Peace, 1992



Hungary

Philipp Lenard*, Physics, 1905

Robert Bárány*, Physiology or Medicine, 1914

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy*, Chemistry, 1925

Albert Szent-Györgyi, Physiology or Medicine, 1937

George de Hevesy, Chemistry, 1943

Georg von Békésy*, Physiology or Medicine, 1961

Eugene Wigner*, Physics, 1963

Dennis Gabor*, Physics, 1971

Daniel Carleton Gajdusek*, Physiology or Medicine, 1976

John Charles Polanyi, Chemistry, 1986

Elie Wiesel*, Peace, 1986

George Andrew Olah*, Chemistry, 1994

John Charles Harsanyi*, Economics, 1994

Imre Kertész, Literature, 2002

Avram Hershko*, Chemistry, 2004

(in Hungarian)



Iceland

Halldór Laxness, Literature, 1955



India

Further information: Nobel laureates of India

Rudyard Kipling, Literature, 1907

Rabindranath Tagore, Literature, 1913

C.V. Raman, Physics, 1930

Har Gobind Khorana, Medicine, 1968

Mother Teresa, Peace, 1979

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Physics, 1983

Amartya Kumar Sen, Economics, 1998

Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, Literature, 2002



International

Amnesty International, Peace, 1977

International Atomic Energy Agency, Peace, 2005

International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Peace, 1997

International Committee of the Red Cross, Peace, 1917 and 1963

Institute of International Law, Peace, 1904

International Labour Organization, Peace, 1969

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Peace, 1985

League of Red Cross Societies, Peace, 1963

Médecins Sans Frontières, Peace, 1999

Nansen International Office for Refugees, Peace, 1938

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Peace, 1954 and 1981

Permanent International Peace Bureau, (now the International Bureau of Peace), Peace, 1910

United Nations, Peace, 2001

United Nations Children's Fund, Peace, 1965

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Peace, 1988



Iran

Shirin Ebadi, Peace, 2003



Ireland

Samuel Beckett, Literature, 1969

Seamus Heaney, United Kingdom, Literature, 1995

Seán MacBride, France, Peace, 1974

George Bernard Shaw*, Literature, 1925

William Butler Yeats, Literature, 1923

Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton , Physics, 1951



Israel

Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Austria, Literature, 1966

Robert Aumann, Germany, Economics, 2005

Menachem Begin, Poland, Peace, 1978

Aaron Ciechanover, Chemistry, 2004

Avram Hershko, Hungary, Chemistry, 2004

Daniel Kahneman*, (then British Mandate of Palestine), Economics, 2002

Shimon Peres, Poland, Peace, 1994

Yitzhak Rabin*, (then British Mandate of Palestine), Peace, 1994



Italy

Daniel Bovet, Switzerland, Physiology or Medicine, 1957

Giosuè Carducci, Literature, 1906

Grazia Deledda, Literature, 1926

Renato Dulbecco*, Physiology or Medicine, 1975

Enrico Fermi, Physics, 1938

Riccardo Giacconi*, Physics, 2002

Camillo Golgi, Physiology or Medicine, 1906

Dario Fo, Literature, 1997

Rita Levi-Montalcini*, Physiology or Medicine, 1986

Salvador Luria*, Physiology or Medicine, 1969

Guglielmo Marconi, Physics, 1909

Franco Modigliani, Economics, 1985

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Peace, 1907

Eugenio Montale, Literature, 1975

Giulio Natta, Chemistry, 1963

Luigi Pirandello, Literature, 1934

Salvatore Quasimodo, Literature, 1959

Carlo Rubbia, Physics, 1984

Emilio Segrè, Physics, 1959



Japan

Leo Esaki, Physics, 1973

Kenichi Fukui, Chemistry, 1981

Yasunari Kawabata, Literature, 1968

Masatoshi Koshiba, Physics, 2002

Ryoji Noyori, Chemistry, 2001

Kenzaburo Oe, Literature, 1994

Eisaku Sato, Peace, 1974

Hideki Shirakawa, Chemistry, 2000

Koichi Tanaka, Chemistry, 2002

Shinichirou Tomonaga, Physics, 1965

Susumu Tonegawa*, Physiology or Medicine, 1987

Hideki Yukawa, Physics, 1949



Kenya

Wangari Maathai, Peace, 2004



Lithuania

Czesław Miłosz*, Literature, 1980



Mexico

Mario J. Molina*, Chemistry, 1995

Octavio Paz, Literature, 1990

Alfonso García Robles, Peace, 1982



Myanmar

Aung San Suu Kyi, (then Burma), Peace, 1991



The Netherlands

Tobias Asser, Peace, 1911

Nicolaas Bloembergen*, Physics, 1981

Paul Crutzen, Chemistry, 1995

Peter Debye, Chemistry, 1936

Christiaan Eijkman, Physiology or Medicine, 1929

Willem Einthoven, Physiology or Medicine, 1924

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Chemistry, 1901

Gerardus 't Hooft, Physics, 1999

Tjalling Koopmans, Economy, 1975

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz, Physics, 1902

Simon van der Meer, Physics, 1984

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Physics, 1913

Jan Tinbergen, Economy, 1969

Nikolaas Tinbergen*, Physiology or Medicine, 1973

Martinus J.G. Veltman, Physics, 1999

Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Physics, 1910

Pieter Zeeman, Physics, 1902

Frits Zernike, Physics, 1953



New Zealand

Alan MacDiarmid*, Chemistry, 2000

Ernest Rutherford*, Chemistry, 1908

Maurice Wilkins*, Physiology or Medicine, 1962



Nigeria

Wole Soyinka, Literature, 1986



Norway

Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Literature, 1903

Ragnar Frisch, Economics, 1969

Knut Hamsun, Literature, 1920

Odd Hassel, Chemistry, 1969

Trygve Haavelmo, Economics, 1989

Finn Kydland, Economics, 2004

Christian Lous Lange, Peace, 1921

Fridtjof Nansen, Peace, 1922

Sigrid Undset, Literature, 1928



Pakistan

Rudyard Kipling, Literature, 1907

Har Gobind Khorana, Medicine, 1968

Abdus Salam, Physics, 1979



Palestinian National Authority

Yasser Arafat, Peace, 1994



Poland

Menachem Begin*, (then Polish Russia, now Belarus), Peace, 1978

Georges Charpak*, (Poland-France) Physics, 1992

Marie Skłodowska-Curie, (from Warsaw, then Polish Russia), Physics, 1903 and Chemistry, 1911

Roald Hoffmann*, (Poland-US) Chemistry, 1981

Czesław Miłosz, Literature, 1980

Shimon Peres*, (then Poland, now Belarus), Peace, 1994

Tadeus Reichstein*, (Poland-Switzerland) Physiology or Medicine, 1950

Władysław Reymont, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1924

Józef Rotblat*, (then Polish Russia), Peace, 1995

Andrzej W. Schally*, (then Poland, now Lithuania), Physiology or Medicine, 1977

Henryk Sienkiewicz, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1905

Isaac Bashevis Singer*, (then Polish Russia), Literature, 1978

Wisława Szymborska, Literature, 1996

Lech Wałęsa, Peace, 1983



Portugal

Egas Moniz, Medicine, 1949

José Saramago, Literature, 1998



Spain

Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spain, Literature, 1956



Republic of Macedonia



Romania

George E. Palade*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974

Elie Wiesel*, Peace, 1986



Russia and USSR

Alexei A. Abrikosov, Physics, 2003

Zhores I. Alferov, Physics, 2000

Nicolay G. Basov, Physics, 1964

Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky*, Literature, 1987

Ivan Bunin*, Literature, 1933

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Physics, 1958

Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank, Physics, 1958

Vitaly Ginzburg, Physics, 2003

Mikhail Gorbachev, Peace, 1990

Leonid Kantorovich, Economics, 1975

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Physics, 1978

Lev Davidovich Landau, Physics, 1962

Ilya Mechnikov, Physiology or Medicine, 1908

Boris Pasternak, Literature, 1958 (forced to decline)

Ivan Pavlov, Physiology or Medicine, 1904

Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, Physics, 1964

Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov, Peace, 1975

Nikolay Semenov, Chemistry, 1956

Michail Sholokhov, Literature, 1965

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Literature, 1970

Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm, Physics, 1958



Serbia

Ivo Andric*, (then part of the former Yugoslavia), Literature, 1961



Slovenia

Friderik Pregl*, Chemistry, 1923



St Lucia

Sir Arthur Lewis*, Economics, 1979

Derek Walcott, Literature, 1992



South Africa

Sydney Brenner*, Physiology or Medicine, 2002

J. M. Coetzee, Literature, 2003

Allan M. Cormack*, Physiology or Medicine, 1979

F.W. de Clerk, Peace, 1993

Nadine Gordimer, Literature, 1991

Albert Lutuli, Peace, 1960

Nelson Mandela, Peace, 1993

Max Theiler, Physiology or Medicine, 1951

Desmond Tutu, Peace, 1984



South Korea

Kim Daejung, Peace, 2000



Spain

Vicente Aleixandre, Literature, 1977

Jacinto Benavente, Literature, 1922

Camilo José Cela, Literature, 1989

José Echegaray, Literature, 1904

Severo Ochoa, Physiology or Medicine, 1959

Juan Ramón Jiménez, Literature, 1956

Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Physiology or Medicine, 1906



Sweden

Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Peace, 1908

Sune Bergström, Physiology or Medicine, 1982

Hjalmar Branting, Peace, 1921

Arvid Carlsson, Physiology or Medicine, 2000

Ulf von Euler, Physiology or Medicine, 1970 (son of 1929 Nobel Chemistry laureate Hans von Euler-Chelpin).

Ragnar Granit, Finland, Physiology or Medicine, 1967

Dag Hammarskjöld, Peace, 1961 (posthumously)

Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam, Literature, 1916

Eyvind Johnson, Literature, 1974

Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Literature, 1931

Pär Lagerkvist, Literature, 1951

Selma Lagerlöf, Literature, 1909

Harry Martinson, Literature, 1974

Alva Myrdal, Peace, 1982

Nelly Sachs, Germany, Literature, 1966

Bengt I. Samuelsson, Physiology or Medicine, 1982

Nathan Söderblom, Peace, 1930

Torsten Wiesel*, Physiology or Medicine, 1981



Switzerland

Werner Arber, Physiology or Medicine, 1978

Felix Bloch, Physics, 1952

Daniel Bovet*, Physiology or Medicine, 1957

Élie Ducommun (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902

Henry Dunant, Peace, 1901

Albert Einstein, Germany, Physics, 1921

Richard Ernst, Chemistry, 1991

Edmond H. Fischer, China, Physiology or Medicine, 1992

Charles Albert Gobat (for the International Office for Peace), Peace, 1902

Charles Edouard Guillaume, Physics, 1920

Walter Rudolf Hess, Physiology or Medicine, 1949

Herman Hesse, Germany, Literature, 1946

Paul Karrer, Chemistry, 1937

Theodor Kocher, Physiology or Medicine, 1909

Georges J.F. Kohler, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1984

Karl Alexander Müller, Physics, 1987

Paul H. Müller, Physiology or Medicine, 1948

Vladimir Prelog, Bosnia and Herzogovina, Chemistry, 1975

Tadeus Reichstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1950

Heinrich Rohrer, Physics, 1986

Leopold Ruzicka, Chemistry, 1939

Carl Spitteler, Literature, 1919

Alfred Werner, Chemistry, 1913

Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Physiology or Medicine, 1996

Kurt Wüthrich, Chemistry, 2002



Taiwan

Yuan T. Lee, Chemistry, 1986

Samuel C.C. Ting, Physics, 1976



Tibet

Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, Peace, 1989



Trinidad and Tobago

Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul*, Literature, 2001



Turkey

Orhan Pamuk, Literature, 2006



Ukraine

Shmuel Yosef Agnon*, (then Austria-Hungary, now Ukraine), Literature, 1966



United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, Physiology or Medicine, 1932

Norman Angell, Peace, 1933

Edward Victor Appleton, Physics, 1947

Francis William Aston, Chemistry, 1922

Charles Glover Barkla, Physics, 1917

Derek Harold Richard Barton, Chemisry, 1969

James W. Black, Physiology or Medicine, 1988

Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, Physics, 1948

Max Born, Germany, Physics, 1954

William Henry Bragg, Physics, 1915

William Lawrence Bragg, Australia, Physics, 1915

Sydney Brenner, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002

John Boyd Orr, Peace, 1949

Elias Canetti, Bulgaria, Literature, 1981

Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Peace, 1937

James Chadwick, Physics, 1935

Ernst Boris Chain, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1945

Austen Chamberlain, Peace, 1925

Winston Churchill, Literature, 1953

Ronald Coase, Economics, 1991

John Cockcroft, Physics, 1951

John Cornforth, Australia, Chemistry, 1975

Mairead Corrigan, Peace, 1976

William Randal Cremer, Peace, 1903

Francis Crick, Physiology or Medicine, 1962

Henry Hallett Dale, Physiology or Medicine, 1936

Paul Dirac, Physics, 1933

Christian de Duve*, Physiology or Medicine, 1974

T. S. Eliot, United States of America, Literature, 1948

Alexander Fleming, Physiology or Medicine, 1945

Dennis Gabor, Hungary, Physics, 1971

John Galsworthy, Literature, 1932

William Golding, Literature, 1983

Clive W. J. Granger*, Economics, 2003

Arthur Harden, Chemistry, 1929

Norman Haworth, Chemistry, 1937

Friedrich Hayek, Austria, Economics 1974

Seamus Heaney*, Literature, 1995

Arthur Henderson, Peace, 1934

Antony Hewish, Physics, 1974

John Hicks, Economics, 1972

Archibald Hill, Physiology or Medicine, 1922

Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Chemistry, 1956

Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Physiology or Medicine, 1963

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, Chemistry, 1964

Frederick Hopkins, Physiology or Medicine, 1929

Godfrey Hounsfield, Physiology or Medicine, 1979

John Hume, Peace, 1998

Tim Hunt, Physiology or Medicine, 2001

Andrew Huxley, Physiology or Medicine, 1963

Niels Kaj Jerne*, Physiology or Medicine, 1984

Brian David Josephson, Physics, 1973

Bernard Katz, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1970

John Kendrew, Chemistry, 1962

Rudyard Kipling, India, Literature, 1907

Aaron Klug, Lithuania, Chemistry, 1982

Hans Adolf Krebs, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1953

Harold Kroto, Chemistry, 1996

Anthony J. Leggett*, Physics, 2003

Arthur Lewis, St Lucia, Economics, 1979

John James Richard Macleod*, Physiology or Medicine, 1923

Peter Mansfield, Physiology or Medicine, 2003

Archer John Porter Martin, Chemistry, 1952

James Meade, Economics, 1977

Peter Medawar, Brazil, Physiology or Medicine, 1960

César Milstein, Argentina, Physiology or Medicine, 1984

James A. Mirrlees, Economics, 1996

Peter D. Mitchell, Chemistry, 1978

Nevill Francis Mott, Physics, 1977

Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul, Trinidad and Tobago, Literature, 2001

Philip Noel-Baker, Peace, 1959

Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, Chemistry, 1967

Paul Nurse, Physiology or Medicine, 2001

Max Perutz, Austria, Chemistry, 1962

Harold Pinter, Literature, 2005

John Pople, Chemistry, 1998

George Porter, Chemistry, 1967

Rodney Robert Porter, Physiology or Medicine, 1972

Cecil Frank Powell, Physics, 1950

William Ramsay, Chemistry, 1904

Owen Willans Richardson, Physics, 1928

Richard J. Roberts, Physiology or Medicine, 1993

Robert Robinson, Chemistry, 1947

Ronald Ross, Physiology or Medicine, 1902

Joseph Rotblat, Poland, Peace, 1995

Bertrand Russell, Literature, 1950

Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand, Chemistry, 1908

Martin Ryle, Physics, 1946

Frederick Sanger, Chemistry, 1958 and 1980

George Bernard Shaw, Ireland, Literature, 1925

Charles Scott Sherrington, Physiology or Medicine, 1932

Richard Laurence Millington Synge, Chemistry, 1952

Michael Smith*, Chemistry, 1993

Frederick Soddy, Chemistry, 1921

Richard Stone, Economics, 1984

John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, Physics, 1904

John E. Sulston, Physiology or Medicine, 2002

George Paget Thomson, Physics, 1937

Joseph John Thomson, Physics, 1906

Nikolaas Tinbergen, the Netherlands, Physiology or Medicine, 1973

David Trimble, Peace, 1998

Alexander R. Todd, Baron Todd, Chemistry, 1957

John Robert Vane, Physiology or Medicine, 1982

John E. Walker, Chemistry, 1997

Patrick White*, Literature, 1973

Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand, Physiology or Medicine, 1962

Geoffrey Wilkinson, Chemistry, 1973

Betty Williams, Peace, 1976

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Physics, 1927

Amnesty International**, Peace, 1977

Friends Service Council**, Peace, 1947



United States of America

Jane Addams, Peace, 1931

Luis Alvarez, Physics, 1968

Sidney Altman, Canada, Chemistry, 1989

American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers), Peace, 1947

Carl Anderson, Physics, 1936

Philip Anderson, Physics, 1977

Richard Axel, Physiology or Medicine, 2004

Julius Axelrod, Physiology or Medicine, 1970

Emily G. Balch, Peace, 1946

David Baltimore, Physiology or Medicine, 1975

George Beadle, Physiology or Medicine, 1958

Georg von Békésy, Hungary, Physiology or Medicine, 1961

Saul Bellow, Canada, Literature, 1976

Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuela, Physiology or Medicine, 1980

J. Michael Bishop, Physiology or Medicine, 1989

Günter Blobel, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1999

Nicolaas Bloembergen, the Netherlands, Physics, 1981

Baruch S. Blumberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1976

Norman Borlaug, Peace, 1970

Sydney Brenner, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 2002

Joseph Brodsky, Russia, Literature, 1987

Michael S. Brown, Physiology or Medicine, 1985

Linda B. Buck, Physiology or Medicine, 2004

Pearl S. Buck, Literature, 1938

Ralph J. Bunche, Peace, 1950

Nicholas M. Butler, Peace, 1931

Jimmy Carter, Peace, 2002

Thomas R. Cech, Chemistry, 1989

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, India, Physics, 1983

Steven Chu, Physics, 1997

Stanley Cohen, Physiology or Medicine, 1986

Carl Cori, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947

Gerty Cori, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 1947

Allan M. Cormack, South Africa, Physiology or Medicine, 1979

Eric A. Cornell, Physics, 2001

Raymond Davis Jr., Physics, 2002

Charles G. Dawes, Peace, 1925

Hans G. Dehmelt, Germany, Physics, 1989

Max Delbrück, Germany, Physiology or Medicine, 1969

Renato Dulbecco, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1975

Gerald Edelman, Physiology or Medicine, 1972

Gertrude B. Elion, Physiology or Medicine, 1988

T. S. Eliot*, Literature, 1948

William Faulkner, Literature, 1949

Richard P. Feynman, Physics, 1965

Edmond H. Fischer, China, Physiology or Medicine, 1992

William A. Fowler, Physics, 1983

Jerome I. Friedman, Physics, 1990

Milton Friedman, Economics, 1976

Robert F. Furchgott, Physiology or Medicine, 1998

Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, Physiology or Medicine, 1976

Murray Gell-Mann, Physics, 1969

Riccardo Giacconi, Italy, Physics, 2002

William Giauque, Canada, Chemistry, 1949

Alfred G. Gilman, Physiology or Medicine, 1994

Roy J. Glauber, Physics, 2005

Joseph L. Goldstein, Physiology or Medicine, 1985

Paul Greengard, Physiology or Medicine, 2000

David J. Gross, Physics, 2004

Roger Guillemin, France, Physiology or Medicine, 1977

John L. Hall, Physics, 2005

John Charles Harsanyi, Hungary, Economics, 1994

Haldan Keffer Hartline, Physiology or Medicine, 1967

Leland H. Hartwell, Physiology or Medicine, 2001

Ernest Hemingway, Literature, 1954

Philip S. Hench, Physiology or Medicine, 1950

Alfred Hershey, Physiology or Medicine, 1969

George H. Hitchings, Physiology or Medicine, 1988

Robert W. Holley, Physiology or Medicine, 1968

H. Robert Horvitz, Physiology or Medicine, 2002

David H. Hubel, Canada, Physiology or Medicine, 1981

Charles B. Huggins, Canada, Physiology or Medicine, 1966

Cordell Hull, Peace, 1945

Russell A. Hulse, Physics, 1993

Louis J. Ignarro, Physiology or Medicine, 1998

Daniel Kahneman, Israel, Economics, 2002

Eric R. Kandel, Austria, Physiology or Medicine, 2000

Frank B. Kellogg, Peace, 1929

Edward C. Kendall, Physiology or Medicine, 1950

Henry W. Kendall, Physics, 1990

Har Gobind Khorana, India Physiology or Medicine, 1968

Jack Kilby, Physics, 2000

Martin Luther King, Jr., Peace, 1964

Henry Kissinger, Germany, Peace, 1973

Walter Kohn, Austria, Chemistry, 1998

Arthur Kornberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1959

Roger D. Kornberg, Chemistry, 2006

Edwin G. Krebs, Physiology or Medicine, 1992

Herbert Kroemer, Germany, Physics, 2000

Robert B. Laughlin, Physics, 1998

Paul C. Lauterbur, Physiology or Medicine, 2003

Joshua Lederberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1958

Leon M. Lederman, Physics, 1998

David M. Lee, Physics, 1996

Anthony J. Leggett, England, Physics, 2003

Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1986

Edward B. Lewis, Physiology or Medicine, 1995

Salvador Luria, Italy, Physiology or Medicine, 1969

Alan MacDiarmid, New Zealand, Chemistry, 2000

Barbara McClintock, Physiology or Medicine, 1983

Rudolph Marcus, Canada, Chemistry, 1989

George C. Marshall, Peace, 1953

John C. Mather, Physics, 2006

Czesław Miłosz, Poland, Literature, 1980

Toni Morrison, Literature, 1993

John R. Mott, Peace, 1946

Ferid Murad, Physiology or Medicine, 1998

Joseph E. Murray, Physiology or Medicine, 1990

John Forbes Nash, Economics, 1994

Daniel Nathans, Physiology or Medicine, 1978

George Andrew Olah, Hungary, Chemistry, 1994

Eugene O'Neill, Literature, 1936

Marshall Warren Nirenberg, Physiology or Medicine, 1968

Severo Ochoa, Spain, Physiology or Medicine, 1959

Douglas D. Osheroff, Physics, 1996

George E. Palade, Romania, Physiology or Medicine, 1974

Linus C. Pauling, Chemistry, 1954 & Peace, 1962

Martin L. Perl, Physics, 1995

William D. Phillips, Physics, 1997

H. David Politzer, Physics, 2004

Stanley B. Prusiner, Physiology or Medicine, 1997

Norman F. Ramsey, Physics, 1989

Frederick Reines, Physics, 1995

Robert C. Richardson, Physics, 1996

Martin Rodbell, Physiology or Medicine, 1994

Richard J. Roberts, United Kingdom, Physiology or Medicine, 1993

Theodore Roosevelt, Peace, 1906

Elihu Root, Peace, 1912

Francis Peyton Rous, Physiology or Medicine, 1966

Andrzej W. Schally, Poland, Physiology or Medicine, 1977

Thomas Schelling, Economics, 2005

Myron Scholes, Canada, Economics, 1997

Theodore Schultz, Economics, 1979

Melvin Schwartz, Physics, 1988

Julian Schwinger, Physics, 1965

Glenn Theodore Seaborg, Chemistry, 1951

Phillip A. Sharp, Physiology or Medicine, 1993

Clifford G. Shull, Physics, 1994

Isaac Bashevis Singer, Poland, Literature, 1978

Hamilton O. Smith, Physiology or Medicine, 1978

George F. Smoot, Physics, 2006

George D. Snell, Physiology or Medicine, 1980

Roger W. Sperry, Physiology or Medicine, 1981

John Steinbeck, Literature, 1962

Jack Steinberger, Germany, Physics, 1988

Horst L. Störmer, Germany, Physics, 1998

Earl W. Sutherland Jr., Physiology or Medicine, 1971

Edward Tatum, Physiology or Medicine, 1958

Joseph H. Taylor Jr., Physics, 1993

Howard Martin Temin, Physiology or Medicine, 1975

E. Donnall Thomas, Physiology or Medicine, 1990

Susumu Tonegawa, Japan, Physiology or Medicine, 1987

Daniel C. Tsui, China, Physics, 1998

Harold E. Varmus, Physiology or Medicine, 1989

William Vickrey, Canada, Economics, 1996

George Wald, Physiology or Medicine, 1967

James D. Watson, Physiology or Medicine, 1962

Carl E. Wieman, Physics, 2001

Eric F. Wieschaus, Physiology or Medicine, 1995

Elie Wiesel, Romania, Peace, 1986

Torsten Wiesel, Sweden, Physiology or Medicine, 1981

Eugene Wigner, Hungary, Physics, 1963

Frank Wilczek, Physics, 2004

Jody Williams, Peace, 1997

Kenneth G. Wilson, Physics, 1982

Woodrow Wilson, Peace, 1919

Rosalyn Yalow, Physiology or Medicine, 1977



Vietnam

Le Duc Tho, Peace, 1973 (declined)



Venezuela

Baruj Benacerraf*, Physiology or Medicine, 1980



Yugoslavia

Ivo Andrić, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Literature, 1961
~brigit~
2006-10-30 09:10:08 UTC
Nobel Prize in Physics Winners 2006-1901



2006

The prize is being awarded jointly to:



JOHN C. MATHER and GEORGE C. SMOOT for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation







2005

The prize is being awarded with one half to:



ROY J. GLAUBER for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence



and one half jointly to



JOHN L. HALL and THEODOR W. HÄNSCH for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique







2004

The prize is being awarded jointly to:



DAVID J. GROSS, H. DAVID POLITZER and FRANK WILCZEK for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction







2003

The prize is being awarded jointly to:



ALEXEI A. ABRIKOSOV, VITALY L. GINZBURG and ANTHONY J. LEGGETT for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids







2002

The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:



RAYMOND DAVIS JR., and MASATOSHI KOSHIBA for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos



and the other half to:



RICCARDO GIACCONI for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources







2001

The prize is being awarded jointly to:



ERIC A. CORNELL, WOLFGANG KETTERLE and CARL E. WIEMAN for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates.







2000

The prize is being awarded with one half jointly to:



ZHORES I. ALFEROV, and HERBERT KROEMER for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics



and



and one half to:



JACK ST. CLAIR KILBY for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit.







1999

The prize was awarded jointly to:



GERARDUS 'T HOOFT, and MARTINUS J.G. VELTMAN for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics.







1998

The prize was awarded jointly to:



ROBERT B. LAUGHLIN, HORST L. STORMER and DANIEL C. TSUI for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations.







1997

The prize was awarded jointly to:



STEVEN CHU, CLAUDE COHEN-TANNOUDJI and WILLIAM D. PHILLIPS for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.







1996

The prize was awarded jointly to:



DAVID M. LEE, DOUGLAS D. OSHEROFF and ROBERT C. RICHARDSON for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3.







1995

The prize was awarded for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics, with one half to:



MARTIN L. PERL for the discovery of the tau lepton.



and the other half to:



FREDERICK REINES for the detection of the neutrino.







1994

The prize was awarded for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter to:



BERTRAM N. BROCKHOUSE for the development of neutron spectroscopy



CLIFFORD G. SHULL for the development of the neutron diffraction technique.









1993

The prize was awarded jointly to:



RUSSELL A. HULSE and JOSEPH H. TAYLOR JR. for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation.













1992

GEORGES CHARPAK for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.













1991

PIERRE-GILLES DE GENNES for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers.













1990

The prize was awarded jointly to:



JEROME I. FRIEDMAN, HENRY W. KENDALL and RICHARD E. TAYLOR for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.









1989

One half of the award was given to:



NORMAN F. RAMSEY for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks.



and the other half jointly to:



HANS G. DEHMELT and WOLFGANG PAUL for the development of the ion trap technique.







1988

The prize was awarded jointly to:



LEON M. LEDERMAN, MELVIN SCHWARTZ and JACK STEINBERGER for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.













1987

The prize was awarded jointly to:



J. GEORG BEDNORZ and K. ALEXANDER MÜLLER for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials.









1986

The prize was awarded by one half to:



ERNST RUSKA for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope.



GERD BINNIG and HEINRICH ROHRER for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope.









1985

KLAUS VON KLITZING for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect.













1984

The prize was awarded jointly to:



CARLO RUBBIA and SIMON VAN DER MEER for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.









1983

The prize was divided equally between:



SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars.



WILLIAM A. FOWLER for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe.









1982

KENNETH G. WILSON for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions.













1981

The prize was awarded by one half jointly to:



NICOLAAS BLOEMBERGEN and ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy



and the other half to:



KAI M. SIEGBAHN for his contribution to the development of high- resolution electron spectroscopy.









1980

The prize was divided equally between:



JAMES W. CRONIN and VAL L. FITCH for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons.









1979

The prize was divided equally between:



SHELDON L. GLASHOW, ABDUS SALAM and STEVEN WEINBERG for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current.









1978

The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:



PYOTR LEONIDOVICH KAPITSA for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics



and the other half divided equally between:



ARNO A. PENZIAS and ROBERT W. WILSON for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.









1977

The prize was divided equally between:



PHILIP W. ANDERSON, SIR NEVILL F. MOTT and JOHN H. VAN VLECK for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems.









1976

The prize was divided equally between:



BURTON RICHTER and SAMUEL C. C. TING for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind.













1975

The prize was awarded jointly to:



AAGE BOHR, BEN MOTTELSON and JAMES RAINWATER for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.









1974

The prize was awarded jointly to:



SIR MARTIN RYLE and ANTONY HEWISH for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.









1973

The prize was divided, one half being equally shared between:



LEO ESAKI and IVAR GIAEVER , for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively,



and the other half to



BRIAN D. JOSEPHSON for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects.













1972

The prize was awarded jointly to:



JOHN BARDEEN, LEON N. COOPER and J. ROBERT SCHRIEFFER for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory.









1971

DENNIS GABOR for his invention and development of the holographic method.









1970

The prize was divided equally between:



HANNES ALFVÉN for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics



LOUIS NÉEL for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics.









1969

MURRAY GELL-MANN for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions.









1968

LUIS W. ALVAREZ for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.









1967

HANS ALBRECHT BETHE for his contributions to the theory ofnuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars.









1966

ALFRED KASTLER for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying hertzian resonances in atoms.









1965

The prize was awarded jointly to:



SIN-ITIRO TOMONAGA, JULIAN SCHWINGER and RICHARD P. FEYNMAN for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.









1964

The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:



CHARLES H. TOWNES



the other half jointly to:



NICOLAY GENNADIYEVICH BASOV and ALEKSANDR MIKHAILOVICH PROKHOROV for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle.









1963

The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:



EUGENE P. WIGNER for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles



and the other half jointly to:



MARIA GOEPPERT-MAYER and J. HANS D. JENSEN for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure.









1962

LEV DAVIDOVICH LANDAU for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium.









1961

The prize was divided equally between:



ROBERT HOFSTADTER for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the stucture of the nucleons



RUDOLF LUDWIG MÖSSBAUER for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name.









1960

DONALD A. GLASER for the invention of the bubble chamber.









1959

The prize was awarded jointly to:



EMILIO GINO SEGRÈ and OWEN CHAMBERLAIN for their discovery of the antiproton.









1958

The prize was awarded jointly to:



PAVEL ALEKSEYEVICH CHERENKOV , IL'JA MIKHAILOVICH FRANK and IGOR YEVGENYEVICH TAMM for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect.









1957

The prize was awarded jointly to:



CHEN NING YANG and TSUNG-DAO LEE for their penetratinginvestigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary partic les.









1956

The prize was awarded jointly, one third each, to:



WILLIAM SHOCKLEY, JOHN BARDEEN and WALTER HOUSER BRATTAIN for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect.









1955

The prize was divided equally between:



WILLIS EUGENE LAMB for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum



POLYKARP KUSCH for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron.









1954

The prize was divided equally between:



MAX BORN for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction



WALTHER BOTHE for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith.









1953

FRITS (FREDERIK) ZERNIKE for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope.









1952

The prize was awarded jointly to:



FELIX BLOCH and EDWARD MILLS PURCELL for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith.









1951

The prize was awarded jointly to:



SIR JOHN DOUGLAS COCKCROFT and ERNEST THOMAS SINTON WALTON for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially acce lerated atomic particles.









1950

CECIL FRANK POWELL for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method.









1949

HIDEKI YUKAWA for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces.









1948

LORD PATRICK MAYNARD STUART BLACKETT for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation.









1947

SIR EDWARD VICTOR APPLETON for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer.









1946

PERCY WILLIAMS BRIDGMAN for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics.









1945

WOLFGANG PAULI for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle.













1944

ISIDOR ISAAC RABI for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei.









1943

OTTO STERN for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton.









1942-1940

The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.









1939

ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artifi cial radioactive elements.









1938

ENRICO FERMI for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons.









1937

The prize was awarded jointly to:



CLINTON JOSEPH DAVISSON and SIR GEORGE PAGET THOMSON for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals.









1936

The prize was divided equally between:



VICTOR FRANZ HESS for his discovery of cosmic radiation



CARL DAVID ANDERSON for his discovery of the positron.









1935

SIR JAMES CHADWICK for the discovery of the neutron.









1934

The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.









1933

The prize was awarded jointly to





ERWIN SCHRÖDINGER and PAUL ADRIEN MAURICE DIRAC for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory.









1932

WERNER HEISENBERG for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen.









1931

The prize money was allocated to the Main Fund (1/3) and to the Special Fund (2/3) of this prize section.









1930

SIR CHANDRASEKHARA VENKATA RAMAN for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.









1929

PRINCE LOUIS-VICTOR DE BROGLIE for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons.









1928

SIR OWEN WILLANS RICHARDSON for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him.









1927

The prize was divided equally between:



ARTHUR HOLLY COMPTON for his discovery of the effect named after him



CHARLES THOMSON REES WILSON for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour.









1926

JEAN BAPTISTE PERRIN for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium.









1925

The prize was awarded jointly to:



JAMES FRANCK and GUSTAV HERTZ for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom.







1924

KARL MANNE GEORG SIEGBAHN for his discoveries and researchin the field of X-ray spectroscopy.









1923

ROBERT ANDREWS MILLIKAN for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect.









1922

NIELS BOHR for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them.









1921

ALBERT EINSTEIN for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.









1920

CHARLES EDOUARD GUILLAUME in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.







1919

JOHANNES STARK for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.









1918

MAX KARL ERNST LUDWIG PLANCK in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta.









1917

CHARLES GLOVER BARKLA for his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements.









1916

The prize money for 1916 was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.









1915

The prize was awarded jointly to:



SIR WILLIAM HENRY BRAGG and SIR WILLIAM LAWRENCE BRAGG for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays.









1914

MAX VON LAUE for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.









1913

HEIKE KAMERLINGH-ONNES for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia to the production of liquid helium.









1912

NILS GUSTAF DALÉN for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys.









1911

WILHELM WIEN for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat.









1910

JOHANNES DIDERIK VAN DER WAALS for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids.









1909

The prize was awarded jointly to:



GUGLIELMO MARCONI and CARL FERDINAND BRAUN in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy.









1908

GABRIEL LIPPMANN for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference.









1907

ALBERT ABRAHAM MICHELSON for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.









1906

SIR JOSEPH JOHN THOMSON in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases.









1905

PHILIPP EDUARD ANTON LENARD for his work on cathode rays.









1904

LORD JOHN WILLIAM STRUTT RAYLEIGH for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.









1903

The prize was divided, one half being awarded to:



ANTOINE HENRI BECQUEREL in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity



the other half jointly to:



PIERRE CURIE and MARIE CURIE, née SKLODOWSKA in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.









1902

The prize was awarded jointly to:



HENDRIK ANTOON LORENTZ and PIETER ZEEMAN in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena.









1901

WILHELM CONRAD RÖNTGEN in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him.





are you sure you want them all and their departments?


This content was originally posted on Y! Answers, a Q&A website that shut down in 2021.
Loading...